Advantages And Disadvantages Of Colonialism History Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Colonialism History Essay Colonialism is the establishment, maintenance, acquisition and expansion of colonies in one territory by the people of another territory. It can also be defined as the control that a country or government holds over the territory and the people in a foreign country. It is also the policy of extending national authority over foreign territories. This is when the people of a particular region do not have control over anything in their territory. Colonialism took place because some countries were powerful than other countries even though they were small regionally they dominate it because of their own reasons. Before colonialism, there were no schools, churches and industries, survival required hard work and sacrifice. Resources were one of the main reasons why the British colonised Africa and generating wealth for their mother country, because of this many people in the colonies were forced to slavery or labourers to work on plantation, they planted cash crops such as cocoa and tobacco. The colonies tried using Native Americans slaves but Native Americans knew the land and ran away because plenty of them died due to diseases and other things. The colonies also paid for Europeans to immigrate to the years. In return, the immigrants worked without pay for a number of years. All the colonies used slave labour; they enslaved thousands of Africans to toil on their fields. The mouth of the slaves were pierced and locked with padlock so that they wont eat from what they were planting especially the sugar plantation and also with chains on their necks, hands and legs. The slaves were treated as if they were not humans by the colonial masters, they maltreated them badly by treating them cruelly beating the m, starving or even killing them; it reduced the population of Africa because most of the slaves died because of hunger and also there was no people to farm and provide food for those who were not captured because all the strong and young men who could farm where captured, it led them to poverty. Slavery destroyed civilization and led to the underdevelopment of the colonies. Africans were looked upon as inferior and dull people who are only good at working as labourers and doing house works by the colonial masters. The children of slaves automatically became slaves too Lack of respect for traditions is an effect of colonialism, the traditions of the colonies where not respected by the colonial masters, they did not value the culture of their colonies at all, they completely took over the way of life of their colonies. The traditions of the people were abandoned by the colonial masters especially the French in their colonies; they tried to make the people French in the mode of dressing, language and other things (policy of assimilation), which of course worked in some areas and didnt in some. The colonies made the people to adapt to new culture because the colonial masters believe that their culture is superior to that of the black. But also colonialism removed and abolished the bad part of pre-colonial culture because it had the power to eliminate damaging social trends and older ideals. Before the coming of colonial masters; in some part of West Africa especially Nigeria twins were killed because they were considered as evil, taboo or some sort of bad luck to their parents. They either throw them in the jungle to die or drown them in rivers, with the advance of colonialism that practice was abolished and is regarded as a primitive and horrific practice and stopped it. They also stopped the bad way women were treated, women back then were seen as baby producing machine, they were disdain in the society, arranging the house and cooking meal was what it was believed they were good at. With the advancement of colonialism Sati practice was abolished in India. Sati was traditional practice whereby the first wife of a deceased husband would throw herself or be thrown at the fire on the day of her husbands funeral it serves as a way through which she will show her mourning. The British developed it colonies, it brought about modernization to regions that were technologically under developed, it introduced trading and other businesses in which trade by batter took place too. Normally the people produce their product then give it to the colonial masters in exchange with either mirror, gun powder, cowries and other things because back then all these things did not exist. They provided rail roads for open trade which helped in the transportation of goods from one area to another. They (colonial maters) also brought and introduced medicines to their colonies because most of them died because due to sickness, this helped to abolish the use of leaves and other herbs that they dont know the use of them from use in the colonies. But also the colonialist introduced or brought some diseases which were not known in the colonies which up till today some don not have a cure. The colonialist introduced democratic system of government in the West African colonies. Before colonialism in Nigeria, places where divided into kingdoms and each kingdom had its King which in some parts of the kingdom is of hierarchy while some it was not. The kings normally are they once who made the laws of the kingdom and punished offenders. Colonialism removed this part of practice in their colonies by introducing a democratic system of in which leaders are chosen through election. However, the colonialist introduced Christian religion knowledge in the west African countries before they visited West Africa, people, Christianity did not exist, they worshipped traditional idols and other sorts of things and also judgement was of what their ancestors say through the kingdoms orals (which is believed that it is through there the ancestors speak. Colonialism introduced Christianity to their colonies because Christianity is the religion of the European, some part of the colonies accepted and some didnt because they were already practicing a religion they believed in. The colonialist established schools and made bible study for anyone who would attend the school. Christianity gradually developed and the people gradually stopped practicing the traditional religion. In conclusion, colonialism had great advantages and disadvantage. It introduced Christianity which abolished the traditional practices and other bad practices in the colonies they colonized. It also stopped the bad practices of killing twins in Africa, Sati in India and other bad practices. Colonialism also modernist plenty part of its colonies by introducing farming tools, roads, vehicles for transporting goods and other things. Even though some people suffered in the hands of the colonial masters, it still helped a lot in its territories and colonies.

Leadership – To lead or to follow That is the question

Title: To lead or to follow? That Is the question. Assignment Topic: Compare and contrast two leaders, at least one of whom must be a business leader. Which of the two was the more effective leader? Why? What skills did they demonstrate? These two leaders must be explicitly named in your assignment and will be drawn from your knowledge of them or from biographies of modern-day leaders. Provide enough details of these two leaders so that a reader, who does not know of them, will be able to follow the points about them that you are making.Your assignment should demonstrate that you know what makes a successful leader, manager and entrepreneur in any situation. Word count (from the start of the Introduction section to the end of the Conclusion section, does not Include tables): 251 8 Executive Summary Defining the difference between a manager and a leader comes down to a few fundamental elements. Within this is the bases of identifying a follower from a leader, and the situation at hand .Often great leaders are created form a critical situation, hence why a continual development plan on self-growth and organizational growth Is Important as It pushes a leader beyond what Is expected of them In an everyday situation. A leader can be defined in many areas of life. Being a parent would be the first real role of presenting as a leader. From there, career choices or situations then reveal aspects of a leader. Some of the most powerful leaders of today, have stated that through adversity, they become who they are in this moment as it taught them fundamental lessons in managing life.To illustrate what makes a good leader, I will be comparing two personalities In this paper, 1. Richard Brannon (Abramson because he really does some outrageous moves In business and 2. Anthony Robbins (Robbins), because he has this unlimited passion for creating unlimited potential in anyone he meets. Table of Contents 1. Introduction to leaders 6 1 . 1 Anthony Robbins – The God father of life coaching 6 1. 2 Sir Richard Brannon – World's most exceptional business leader. 7 2. Understanding the nature of leadership 8 2. 1 Leadership or management 9 2. 2 The leader, the follower and the situation. 0 The followers 10 The situation 1 1 3. Leadership and change 13 4. Leadership skills 15 Leading an individual 15 Leading a team or group 15 5. Leadership intelligence, power and influence 16 Intelligence 16 Power and influence. 18 Conclusion 19 â€Å"For people to be true leaders, they must first see things for how they are, not worse. It's really about mastering the strength within yourself so that you can conquer the outer world around you† â€Å"Life is a gift, not a chore†. Anthony Robbins Entrepreneur, Author, Peak Performance Specialist. Mimi shouldn't blindly accept leader's advice.You've got to question leaders on occasion†. Sir Richard Brannon Entrepreneur, Visionary, Founder of Virgin Group 1 . Introduction to leaders 1 . 1 Anthony Ro bbins – The God father of life coaching Robbins (born in California, February 29, 1960) is an exceptional example of turning struggle into success. He is a recognized authority on the psychology of leadership. In the personal improvement industry, Robbins was the first to surpass more than a billion dollars in sales. He is one of the most successful advisors to world leaders, such as Nelson Mandela, Mikhail Cockroach and Bill Clinton.And one of the most sought-after speakers in the world (Anthony Robbins Biography n. D). His philosophy is simple – create a set of standards that will in turn create change. See table 1. Brannon, (born in Blackhead, London July 18 1950) the name behind the world's most irresistible brand, Virgin. There are over 100 Virgin companies in various industries all over the world. (Richard Brannon Biography n. D). According to an Ipso MOOR Captains of Industry Poll, Brannon has been voted as the most impressive business person in Britain' (Britai n's most impressive businessman' n. ). Brannon got a taste for entrepreneurship when he started a business magazine ‘Success', at the age of sixteen. The Virgin brand was then discovered, starting as a mail order business, then expanded into Virgin Records. Abrasion's is the only person to build eight billion dollar companies in eight different sectors. He was ninth in the Sunday Times Rich List 2006, worth slightly more than E billion (Richard Brannon Biography n. D). Abrasions values to his success. See Table 2. What makes a leader? What makes one greater than the other?Firstly both are leaders because of their ability to create change through drive and passion, in turn inspiring followers. To compare Brannon and Robbins, the need to analyze the fundamentals of the nature of leadership are required. 2. Understanding the nature of leadership Hughes, Gannett & Church, 2012, define a good leader as more than Just a calculation, planning or following a checklist, it also involve s touching others feelings. This emphasizes that leadership is more than Just instructing followers, but rather touching people's hearts as well as their heads.Emotions play a major role in success. Brannon and Robbins do this equally. Robbins does this on a greater scale as he is called on by leaders when facing a critical situation to provide strategic advice. In 2009, Robbins worked with over three million people in eighty different countries ‘Unleashing The Power', Figurers, 2009). In 2014, Robbins, worked with over fifty million people in more than one hundred countries (Anthony Robbins Biography n. D). Are these men leaders or managers? 2. 1 Leadership or management Leadership and management are closely related.They overlap as well as have distinguishable functions. See figure 1 . Described as a ‘complex phenomenon involving the leader, the follower and the situation' (Hughes, Gannett & Church, 2012 p. 4). Galilean (Hughes, Gannett & Church, 2012), expresses that s ome people are managers by nature and some people are traders by nature. Table 3 identifies the individual distinctions. 2. 2 The leader, the follower and the situation. The leader The leader is considered a role model to followers. They influence through their personal wisdom contributing to the follower's personal development and well-being.Outstanding leaders influence inspirational and intellectual stimulation creating a vision of the future (Cheer, et al 2014). Robbins and Brannon have become leaders without trying. Their unique styles have shown their level of success and therefore created followers to further nurture their dervish influence. Robbins has a unique ability to identify patterns that an individual is presenting and then gain consistent results by modeling underlying strategies. Such as his â€Å"Leadership in times of crisis† strategies. This approach was how Robbins took his own pain and suffering to evolve into a leader.For three decades, Robbins has been taking leaders at the pinnacle of their success, to align with their respective values and raising their standards by which they live. More often than not, they call on Robbins when facing critical decisions. A leader leading leaders requires continual additional engineering, as the leader then becomes the â€Å"follower†. Brannon started leading as an entrepreneur at the age of sixteen from his dorm room. Virgin Records was formed with Mimic Oldie being the first to sign a record deal with other household names assisting Virgin in becoming the biggest independent label in the world.From here, Virgin Airlines, Virgin Mobile and Virgin Galactic etc. Were born (Richard Brannon Biography n. D) Brannon stands as one of the pioneers in business and taking risks that other would never even dream of. Could a leader then become a follower? Leaders and followers have strengths and weaknesses, when under pressure, these will be exaggerated. The followers â€Å"Leadership is not restr icted to the influence exerted by someone in a particular position or role; followers are part of the leadership process, too† (Hughes, Gannett & Church, 2012).Fellowship is a critical part of the leadership equation. Without followers there would be no leader. Robbins has a theory that leaders give, and followers receive, but equally these two elements can only exist as being as one and Robbins has changed the lives of over one hundred million people. He is a Unitarian feeding more than three million people in fifty six countries a year. He has impacted many followers' lives by his bestselling self-help books, audio programs and live events (Anthony Robbins Biography n. D).Abrasion's Virgin brand has over one hundred companies' worldwide employing approximately sixty thousand people. Brannon is an avid social media user voted as the Auk's number one twitter user and worlds most followed person on Linked with more than eleven million followers across social media networks. He has written several books and has touched the lives of many students etc. Y encouraging an advisory centre to support common issues (Richard Brannon Biography n. D). The situation Does a leader develop from a situation? Out of crisis, some of the most extraordinary leaders are born.This would indicate the influences from a particular situation will encourage leadership qualities to be initiated in possibly a follower who now becomes a leader. ‘Leadership is the result of a complex set of interactions among the leader, the followers, and the situation' (Hughes, Gannett & Church 2012 p. 15) Brannon and Robbins have developed as powerful leaders by implementing the viral of experience which highlights the process of action-observation-reflection (A- O-R) model, which has been critical in their leadership development and understanding of dealing with the situation (Hughes, Gannett & Church 2012 p. 7). 2. 2 Understanding the Interaction Model of Leadership Understanding what makes a good leader and the effectiveness of the application to practice can be challenging. There has been no development of a leadership frame to model, unless it is aligning with spiritual, servant or transformational theories that have formulated a structure (Lethal, 2014). Subsequently, the way one leads will be determined by the followers and the situation. This then creates an element of interaction that overlap to influence the outcome. See figure 2. Gannett & Church 2012, p. 5).Situation vary greatly therefore analyzing and responding to situations vary between leaders. Behavior outcomes are largely innate – or artistic, and formal – or scientific, (internship plus experience). An effective leaders will exercise both the rational and emotional views – the Whole person' approach – of followers in order to produce desired results (Hughes, Gannett & church 2012, up. 6-7). Robbins gained innate (artistic) abilities from his own pain and suffering, and his formal (scientific) learning from motivational speakers and personal mentor, Jim Iron, and observation of individuals who were struggling.Brannon gained innate (artistic) abilities from his early learning from his father, a barrister, his grandfather, a Judge and as a student entrepreneur, and formal (scientific), from education at Stows School (however he had dyslexia and poor grades) and his business adventures (Richard Brannon Biography n. D). Brannon has been quoted in a presentation to Mambas, part of one's ability to succeed, be aware that to all business succeed and that they should be prepared to fail (mambas Presentation article' n. D). Through failure comes success. . Leadership and change Leading change is perhaps the most difficult challenge facing any leader (Hughes, Gannett & Church 2012, p. 556). Change has been known to cause fear. Leaders must therefore have a strong element of trust from followers that give a sense of security. Identifying a rational approach to ch ange requires road map for leaders to follow. According to Beer (Hughes, Gannett and Church 2012, p. 559), application of C = D x M P > R is a rational and straightforward approach to implement (see table 4).However, with change comes various factors to consider, which is strongly referenced towards resistance. There is an evident expectation-performance gap (see figure 3) that is commonly seen and should be managed through communication. Expectations that for change to take affect and results to be instant are unrealistic and require a certain level of patience. Another factor is emotions commonly associated with change that involves a sense of self-reflection or rejection and dealt with by being aware of the SARA model see figure 4.Robbins has a significant amount of trust from his followers, so much so that some of the world's greatest leaders have called on him as a strategic adviser. American anyone in the world to personally coach their business, they requested Robbins (Anthon y Robbins Biography n. D). Brannon as a leader in business, is someone that is most admired. In a presentation to Mambas, Brannon expressed that in business, a strong sense of ethics is fundamental in individual success, also believing that creativity, intuition and empathy are equally important (Abramson gives advice to Mamba's n. D).Depending upon the situation, a certain level of skillet is required to be an exceptional leader. 4. Leadership skills Skills associated with leadership will be expressed in various situations. How to lead an individual will differ from a team or a group. Leading an individual When working with and individual, it is obvious, there are areas to consider and work with such as interests/motivation, skills/abilities, values/attitudes, interpersonal behavior. All these factors can be nurtured easily, however when there are multiples such as in a group or team, it can create a new paradigm.Leading a team r group Team = often members of the same team (footbal l team), with common goals such as developing a new project or winning a championship, often having to work together to create the outcome. Group = members belong to a group for personal reasons, (church group), which may clash with other group members ideals. Often work independently (Hughes, Gannett & Church 2012, p 391). Robbins has a strong influence over individuals as well as groups and teams. During his seminars, he has participants walking barefoot over hot coals.Robbins metaphor that those who achieve greatness is the ability to take action-even if they experience fear (Tony Robbins' n. D). Abrasions Virgin Empire, has been recognized as the most desirable employer brand to work for according to two thousand British workers. He has also been described as being knowledgeable and innovative and very popular with 35 – 54 year olds (Virgin-named top employer brand', n. D). Effectiveness of leadership may be based on whether the team reaches its objectives. However, this may not be an affective observation. To gain understanding how a team functions iceberg metaphor is used to (see figure 5. ). 5.Leadership intelligence, power and influence Intelligence Hahn, et al (2012), believe that emotional intelligence involves a connection between various states of fear, pain and desire. In business, it plays a significant role determining factors that influence the effectiveness of a person, however it should not be a substitute for skills, knowledge and abilities. Difficult due to their achievements table 5, provides insight into Trichina theory of intelligence. OCEAN method is used to profile leaders. From this, there are five factors that are evident. Robbins and Brannon have shown that they have very similar traits (see figure 6).Good leaders have a high degree of CEQ and an innate ability to comply with these qualities: Strong sense of integrity, high ethical standards, recognize if they don't know or understand, confident, aware and exceptional decisio n-making capacity (Hahn, et al, 2012). Power and influence. Robbins and Brannon would be considered transformational leaders. They have the ability to exude a level of power and influence over their followers. Expertise times trust equals credibility. A 360-degree feedback report identified for leadership success and effectiveness, credibility was the most important (Hughes, Gannett & ropy 2012, p. 277-281). One specific advantage Robbins and Brannon have as being effective leaders is that they are both excellent communicators. Communication effectiveness is based on the ability to articulate arguments, advocate positions, persuade others and communicate feelings and ideas. Robbins was recognized by Toastmasters as one of the world's greatest speakers with a Golden Gavel Award. Brannon Received ‘The 2014 Business for Peace Award', in Oslo, Norway ‘The Business for Peace Foundation', 2014 Business Peace Award. Ethics and values are the bases of why these leaders attract l oyal followers.To become a great leader, it is not necessarily fact that you are a ‘born leader' as many leaders have developed from crisis situations. It has also been noted that many a great leader has given homage back to a power greater than themselves as playing a part in their leadership abilities and purpose. West and Noel (2013), state that leaders that are aware of God as they lead, understand the effectiveness of not Just numerical growth, but of the quality of life in their disciples {followers} lives and the effectiveness of leadership.What makes a successful leader, manager and entrepreneur? A successful leader is one who, being self-aware, uses available resources ethically and efficiently, adequately addresses followers' needs, and applies an optimal rational/emotional solution to the situation at hand (Hughes, Gannett & Church 2012, up. 34-35). Robbins and Brannon exhibit the above qualities. They are both board members of companies other than their own. Robbin s has been recognized as â€Å"Top 50 Business intellectuals in the world† and voted â€Å"Top 200 Business Gurus†, (Anthony Robbins Biography n. D).Brannon has been recognized for various awards such as amour of Knight Bachelor for his services to entrepreneurship, by Charles, Prince of Wales, and is eighty five of the list of top two hundred Britons. We could safely state, that they are great leaders of the twenty first century (Richard Brannon' n. D). Comparing one to the other to determine which would be considered greater is difficult. They are both humanitarians, entrepreneurs and naturally exceptional leaders. The differentiation would be that Brannon is a leader ahead of his game in business and Robbins leads the leaders to continually improve on being an exceptional leader.

A Critical Analysis on William Blake Essay

As romanticism flourished in Europe in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century in European culture one of the figures that stood foremost was William Blake. A poet, an engraver-putting it simply, an artist, many have raised an eyebrow with his lifestyle and works. Being a lyric poet, a visionary and even a mystic at times people have come to doubt his state of mind, whether or not he truly was an artist or simply insane. Wordsworth, for example, commented that there â€Å"is no doubt that this poor man was mad, but there is something in his madness which interests me more than the sanity of Lord Byron and Walter Scott† and John Ruskin similarly felt that Blake’s work was â€Å"diseased and wild†, even if his mind was â€Å"great and wise(Dover,1998). Looking into Blake’s background, we find that he lived an impoverished life in what we could say, was almost absolute seclusion. His interest in outside ideas rested on being able to refute them. Blake’s seclusion was not simply limited to isolation from other beings, it was also an isolation of the mind; which has lead to many great works which differ in style. Blake’s writings have ranged from lyrical such as his Auguries of Innocence (Erdman and Bloom, 1965) as seen: To see a world in a grain of sand And heaven in a wild flower Hold infinity in the palm of your hand And eternity in an hour. through highly elaborate apocalyptic and visionary . He purposely wrote in the manner of the Hebrew prophets and apocalyptic writers. See more: how to write a critical analysis essay step by step He envisioned his works as expressions of prophecy, following in the footsteps (or, more precisely stepping into the shoes) of Elijah and Milton. In fact, he clearly believed himself to be the living embodiment of the spirit of Milton (Gastfield, 2007). On other occasions, Blake’s way of writing shifted to a highly speculative and paradoxical view which is very much evident in his The marriage of Heaven and Hell (Erdman and Bloom, 1965) where he writes: â€Å"If the doors of perception were cleansed everything would appear to man as it is, infinite. â€Å" This also particularly expressed his rebellion against the established values during this era. Blake accepted nothing and had a yearning so deep, for all that is intangible and unbounded to man under the dominion of God, matter, and reason (Kazin,1997). He was a man who had all the divergence of human existence in his hands, and he never forgot that it is the role of man to be able to find a solution for them. Although his contemporaries may have thought him as insane and having a diseased mind, William Blake was far ahead of his time being a visionary. A non conformist who embraced radical thinking, his works have influenced the lives of a great number of people, even being acclaimed by the underground movement. Having such great talent, and having so many ideas go through his mind, his works were merely an expression of the world that he lived in. A mind which privileged imagination over reason; and believed that ideal forms should be created not by which our eyes allow us to see but by that which our mind allows us to see. It is indeed only through the mind of a genius that such great works could be produced. REFERENCES Dover, Richard. â€Å"William Blake and English Poetry† Willaim Blake: A Helpfile 21October 1998 North East Wales Institute, K. 12 September 2007 Erdman, David and Bloom, Harold. The Complete Poetry and Prose of William Blake. Berkley: UC Press, 1965 Gastfield, Gail. â€Å"William Blake† The William Blake Page, 2007, The William Blake Page 12 September 2007 Kazin, Alfred. â€Å"AN INTRODUCTION TO WILLIAM BLAKE† 4 July 2007. Multi Media Library. 12 September 2007

Gay Marriage Should Not Be Legal - 934 Words

Gay Marriage Should Not Be Legal It’s unfortunate that people have misunderstood the meaning of marriage. Marriage is not just a term to describe relationship that are precious to us, it’s more than just a union of heart and mind; it’s an institution between a man and a woman. Biblically, marriage is a lifetime union of a man and a woman, primarily for the purpose of building a family and providing a stable environment for that family (1 Corinthian 7:2 16) According to Peter Sprigg, same sex marriage should not be legalized because of its immediate and long-term harms that would come from legalizing it. I strongly agree with him, yes, same sex marriage should not be legalized, why should such a union be legalized when it will create more harm than good? More problems for the society than the benefits it will create? I strongly agree with Sprigg, because from the beginning of the creation of the universe, marriage was meant for one man and one woman not for one man and another man. When God created the first man, Adam he created Eve to stay by his side, to be fruitful and multiply according to Genesis 1:27. He did not create another man for Adman; this means that God never wanted same sex marriage to exist in the first place. If he would have wanted it, he would have allowed reproduction and make it more healthy and natural. Another reason why Sprigg believed gay marriage should not be legalized is that â€Å"Freedom of Conscience and ReligiousShow MoreRelatedGay Marriage Should Be Legal1205 Words   |  5 PagesHoward Sociology 1301-93431 Gay Marriage Getting married is something that most people do when they find love, which it is an important event in their life. The GLBT (gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender) community now get the legal right of same-sex marriage, which they have fought for throughout the years; on the other hand, some opponents of same-sex marriage have called for a constitutional change towards it. 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Many support gay marriage and many do not, with widespread values and reasons for and against it. Due to religion and rights people across the nation have differing views and opinions of it.In a five to four vote in the Supreme Court gay marriage becam e legalized in all fifty states. Shortly after that a few marriage officiators and marriage licenses peopleRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1179 Words   |  5 PagesGAY MARRIAGES Some states such as Iowa legalized gay marriage through the action of judicial interpretation based on the state’s constitutional stipulations while other states such as Vermont legalized gay marriage through legislation initiatives. These cases demonstrate the government is the sole body that can dictate the validity of whatever is to be regarded as a marriage, and in this case gay marriage. 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The hope is that marriage could be defined as a â€Å"public recognition of a private commitment† or â€Å"emotional, financial, and psychological bond† between two people (Sullivan 53). Gay activists belie ve that taking away the ability to have a publicly recognized relationship or an acceptedRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1351 Words   |  6 Pageshappened for United States, gay marriage became legal in all 50 states. In most states it already was but the remaining 13 became legal this year. There are many concerns regarding gay marriage, and the effects of them involve many legislative, cultural, religious and family issues. Gay marriage is controversial because a lot of people do not approve of it, they think it is immoral, unnatural, and not what the traditional concept of â€Å"marriage† really means. Opponents of gay marriage say it is only meant