Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Media Aggression And Aggressive Behavior Essay - 1033 Words

I found that this review examined just how aggression and aggressive behavior is depicted in the media and how this impacts society’s perspectives and thoughts when it comes to aggression behavior. There was a review of the literature by the authors, in which they analyzed the relational and physical aspects of aggression in many media aspects (film, broadcast television, music, books, and video games). Findings across media types, the evidence finds that both physical and relational aggression are portrayed often and in ways that may contribute to continued aggression. Also, although there are studies finding no impact of exposure to media aggression, the results discovered that watching relational and physical aggression in the media contributes to aggressive conduct. Important media aggression beliefs are assessed and some of those beliefs are administered to relational aggression media effects Coyne, S. M., Stockdale, L., Nelson, D. A. (2012). There are Limitations that should not be ignored by the media when dealing with aggression or aggressive behavior. The media should focus on the different forms of aggressive behavior. Understand that these forms take place when books are read and through music. The Clinicians and policy makers should take careful notes when dealing with problematic aggressive behavior and aggression as well so that there will be no misunderstanding with the media. When clients display problematic aggressive behavior whether or relationalShow MoreRelatedThe Expression Of Aggression And Gender920 Words   |  4 PagesExpression of aggression related to gender Do you know that some people says men and women are equally when they show aggressive behavior! This change is be more acceptable; especially, after scientists define relational or indirect aggression that women like to exhibit. However, the old studies believe that men are more likely to be aggressive. The question is what is the motivation to make people behave aggressively? The expression of aggression is related to gender because social roles and media influencesRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Media On Aggressive Behavior1590 Words   |  7 Pagesviolent media and aggressive behaviors in individuals. This paper represents an effort to provide a source for individuals who are interested to gain information on the effect of violent media on aggressive behaviors. Most of the peer-reviewed and scholary articles used in this paper provided conclusions that violent media have multiply harmful affects on individuals especially children. Krahà © and Mà ¶ller (2011) discussed the rela tionship between usage of violent media and aggressive behaviors in adolescentsRead MoreGeneral Aggression Model Of Human Aggression1280 Words   |  6 PagesPart 1. Violence Mechanism of GAM General Aggression Model (GAM) represents a theoretical basis for social-cognitive integrated model of human aggression, and aims at the interpretation of the connection between the motivation of aggression, and the following aggressive behavior, aggressive effect (i.e., physiological stimulation), aggressive cognition, (i.e., thoughts), reduced pro-social behavior, and reduced empathy (i.e., emotional facets) (Anderson and Bushman, 2001; Barlett and Anderson 2013)Read MoreThe Effects Of Violent Media On Children And Youth990 Words   |  4 PagesEssentially since media is more violent than ever, and children and youth are getting more attracted to violent media. Studies on violent media shows a clear evidence that violence on media rises the possibility of aggressive behaviors in both short-term and long-term situations (Rowell Huesmann, Moise, Podolski, Eron, 2003). Most researchers agree that aggressive behaviors are more disposed to the harmful impact of violence on media. The negative effect is much larger for younger children becauseRead MoreViolent Media And Its Impact On Aggression1544 Words   |  7 PagesViolent Media and Its Impact On Aggression In Adolescence In recent trends, adolescents in the United States are now experiencing an explosive rise in the usage of technology. There have been many technological advances since the 20th century such as the invention of the Internet, cellular devices, and other screens. However, the new generation of adolescents in America; the â€Å"millennials,† are the ones living through and experiencing this new economy and lifestyle. Millennials and many other youngRead MoreMedia Violence And Its Effects1057 Words   |  5 Pages Media violence exposure has been investigated as a risk factor for aggression behavior for years. The impact of exposure to violence in the media the long term development and short term development of aggressive behavior has been documented. Aggression is caused by several factors, of which media violence is one. Research investigating the effects of media violence in conjunction with other predictors of aggression such as; environmental factors and dysfunction within the family household,Read MoreThe Media s Influence On Children876 Words   |  4 Pages The media, including movies, television, video games, and more, is an extraordinarily prevalent entity in everyday life. Media displays many distorted images of real life, yet presents it as the ideal image of life. Those who watch the media are highly susceptible to forming false beliefs about what behavior trends are acceptable. Those who are most susceptible are children who are still forming schemas and experiencing sch ema accommodation; unfortunately, children between the ages of 2 and 11Read MoreViolent Video Games And Its Influence On Behavior1187 Words   |  5 PagesViolent Video Games and Its Influence on Aggressive Behaviors What images pop up in your head when you hear the word aggression? Have you ever thought whether violence portrayed in different forms of media make people more aggressive? The immediate reaction to such a word is fighting or violence. Many issues are determinants of aggression but media violence has played a huge role in influencing aggressive behavior. Over the past years, aggression has been tied to numerous video games thatRead MoreVideo Games And Violent Behavior1460 Words   |  6 Pages Video Games and Violent Behavior Jessi Moffett CRJ 385 September 15, 2015â€Æ' Intro Technology is an important aspect of change in our world. As time goes on, we are introduced to more and more technology every year, which includes media such as video games. The increase of technology has also increased and improved the world including ways of communicating and distribution of information. More often used outlets of media are those used for entertainment purposes, like television, internet andRead MoreMedia Violence Related to Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesWHAT EXTENT IS MEDIA VIOLENCE RELATED TO AGGRESSIVE AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR? Essentials of Psychology May 28, 2013 Research project number 05020500 I have chosen to discuss the role that media violence plays in aggression in children, specifically as related to Albert Bandura’s experiments. I specifically chose this topic based on Banduras observations with his famous Bobo doll study (which has been very influential to linking media exposure to violent aggressive behavior in children)

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

The Between Greek And Roman Mythology - 1128 Words

Many people would cringe at the thought of being in a romantic relationship with their relatives. However, in the world depicted by Greek and Roman mythology, occurences similar to this are not far fetched. Hades, the Greek god, and Pluto, the Roman god, are nearly identical gods that both ruled what is told to be the Underworld. In each of their myths, the reclusive gods became infatuated with their niece and kidnapped the unsuspecting maiden. This act is the root of the major conflict in a myth about unrequited love, desire, deprivation, and insatiability, centered around Hades and Pluto, which are two gods with parallel stories and characteristics. Hades has not one, but two versions of a myth involving him, both of which are akin to Pluto’s myth. In the first version, Hades falls in love with Persephone, the daughter of the goddess of harvest named Demeter. Hades tells his brother, Zeus, about his secret admiration for Persephone and asks for help. Zeus agrees to open up t he ground beneath Persephone in order to trap her. Then, Hades comes along, takes Persephone from her trap, and brings her to the Underworld forcefully. In the Underworld, Hades makes Persephone become his wife. Consequently, Persephone becomes very unhappy. However, after much time, she came to love the cold-blooded god and lived happily with him. The second version of this myth includes more details. Demeter left Persephone to play with nymphs, which are mythological spirits of nature imagined asShow MoreRelatedComparing Roman And Greek Mythology1354 Words   |  6 Pages Roman Vs. Greek Mythology Roman and Greek mythology are full of complexities. Much of Greek and Roman everyday life revolved around these myths. Many similarities are obvious between Roman and Greek mythology because the Romans borrowed a significant amount of their myths and gods from the Greeks. Although Roman and Greek mythology have a few components in common, they also have many various aspects that cause differences in their cultures. First of all; values, morals, traditionsRead MoreGreek And Roman Mythology881 Words   |  4 PagesGreek and Roman Mythology Since the dawn of time, different societies have worshiped gods, believing in their power and being afraid of their fury. People have prayed and made sacrifices in order to achieve the gods mercy and generosity. They believed that, if the gods are in good mood, they will provide people with good weather conditions for growing crops. People needed explanations for different natural phenomena, such as rain, drought, lightning, thunder and earthquake. So, ancient people believedRead MoreThe Influence of Ancient Greek Mythology on Modern Society Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Greek society fell over 2000 years ago but despite this, its mythology still continues to influence our western society. References to Greek mythology can be found all through time and in our western culture. The influence of Greek mythology can be found in our science, arts and literature and our language. When Ancient Greece fell to the Roman Empire, Rome adapted its mythologies which still influence us t oday as they have through history. That is not to say that Greek mythology wasn’t influencedRead MoreEssay on Family Relationships in Greek Mythology 1632 Words   |  7 PagesGreek Mythology originated around 775 B.C.E. It all started with Homer’s Iliad and continued on with Hesiod’s Theogany. These were the first two myths to be recorded in Greek Mythology. Both of these myths reveal to us about their understanding of the universe, and about their culture. Not only do they talk about their various gods, and heroes, but they also talk about how they viewed the universe in general (Rosenberg 79). Greek Mythology evolved from two early civilizations, the Mycenaean’s andRead MoreGreek Mythology Vs Roman Mythology1256 Words   |  6 Pages Greek vs. Roman Mythology The line separating Greek and Roman mythology may seem very fine, but there are actually a few distinct differences between the two. For example, the Greeks and Romans both presented many of their stories orally, however, the Greeks were the first people to begin writing them down. Greek mythology is superior as it puts more emphasis on the role of mortals, the appearance of gods is more relevant, and its origin is more interesting as it was original and came before theRead MoreGreek and Roman Culture Essay examples1240 Words   |  5 PagesGreek and Roman culture, although similar, are very different and interesting. Since the Romans adopted culture from the Greeks, many traditions are the same. When the Romans conquered the Hellenistic cities, they became fascinated with the idea of a Greek style of doing things. All things Greek were now considered popular. This is how much of the Greek way of life made its way into the Roman society. The first part of culture that the Romans adopted was the Greek art. Scores of Greek paintingsRead MoreRoman vs Greek Mythology Essay1231 Words   |  5 PagesMythology is the history and beliefs of a people who were able to see the magic in the world all around them. â€Å"Today their alters are empty, their great temples in ruins. But the gods of the ancient Greeks and Romans live on in powerful myths that have borne retelling for countless generations.(Fandex 1)†. Greek mythology and its Roman counter part have fascinated people for ages. Despite their similarities Greek and Roman mythology has key differences: in the Gods names, what they are basedRead MoreGreek Mythology and Its Effects on Civilization803 Words   |  4 PagesGreek religion encompasses the collection of beliefs and rituals practiced in ancient Greece in the form of both popular public religion and cult practices. Many Greeks recognized the major gods and goddesses, such as Zeus, Poseidon, Hades and many others through philosophies such as Stoicism. The religious practices of the Greeks extended beyond mainland Greece to the islands and costs of Ionia in Asia Minor to Sicily and southern Italy, and scattered Greek colonies in the Western MediterraneanRead MoreThe Relationships Between Parents and Children in Greek and Roman Myths1422 Words   |  6 Pagesinvolving the relationships between parents and children, Greek and Roman myths show us that at one point in time, incest was considered socially acceptable. Many Greek and Roman myths contain twisted relationships between parents and children. These twisted relationships can be broken into three different categories: mothers and sons that have exceptionally strong bonds, parents that are threatened by their children, and the betrayal of parents or children. Greek and Roman Mythology often employs many themesRead MoreSimilarities and Differences between Greek and Roman Gods1010 Words   |  5 Pageslives get their names from? Well the answer could be from Greek or Roman gods. So many things are indeed named after the gods. Like the car company Mercury or the shoe company Nike. There are many gods in both mythologies but this essay will talk about 12 of them, six gods from Greek mythology and six gods from Roman mythology. Each god will have their own corresponding god from the other mythology. Although they might be from different mythologies in essence they are all very similar. If this is an

Monday, December 9, 2019

A Reflective Essay on Surgical and Anaesthetics Roles of Odp for an Abdominal Hysterectomy free essay sample

REFLECTIVE ESSAY ON THE LEARNING CONTRACT CONSIDERING THE SURGICAL AND ANAESTHETICS ROLES OF ODP FOR AN ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY. By AKINYEMI AKINTARO 0711964 Dip of HE (ODP) Enhanced Theatre Practice OPE09-1 REFLECTION ON THE LEARNING CONTRACT. This is a reflective essay based on my experience of participating in delivery of anaesthetic and surgical care to a patient undergoing abdominal hysterectomy under general and regional anaesthesia. I will be describing the process involved, my participation and contributions, what I learnt during the experience and how this gained knowledge will improve my professional competency. Reflection is a way in which health professionals can bring theory into practice because reflection has a potential to uncover knowledge and promote action. Reflection also promotes better clinical judgement. Dyke (1999) emphasised that reflection is a vital part of the practitioner’s daily work. Johns(2000) also described reflection as a window through which the practitioner can view and focus self within the context of his/her own lived experience in a way that enable him/her to confront, understand and work towards resolving the contradictions within him/her between what is desirable and actual practice. The use of a recognised frame work allows for a more structured interpretation when reflecting upon practice (Dyke, 1999). For the purpose of this essay I am going to use Gibbs’ (1998) mode of reflecting. This is a reflective cycle which provides a straight forward and structured framework and encourages a clear description of the situation, analysis to make sense of the experience, conclusion where other options are considered and reflection upon experience to examine what the professional would do should the situation arise again. It must be noted however that any reflective practice is reliant on memory and interpretation of events selective memory is a particular problem especially following a negative event (Newell, 1992). I will for the purpose of reflecting on this experience pay particular attention to the administration of epidural, the surgical scrubbing technique, accountability, and my roles as ODP in the above mentioned processes After deciding on hysterectomy as the topic for my learning contract, I had a discussion with my lead mentor, anaesthetic and surgical mentor on how best to give me the opportunity to be involved in two specific hysterectomy cases so that I can have both the anaesthetic and surgical assessment. Then I set about getting materials; literatures from journals, internet, textbook, and discussion with my mentors, other senior colleagues and consultants. In the period of sourcing for this specific knowledge base I have learnt a lot about hysterectomy; types, choices, emotional implications, and alternatives and I can say this will really help me in my future role as a professional. Analysis and Evaluation. Anaesthetic. For the purpose of fulfilling this learning contract I assisted the anaesthetist in preparing the patient who is to undergo abdominal hysterectomy under general anaesthesia. And I was supervised by my anaesthetic mentor during this process. I earlier prepared the room, check the anaesthetic machine, set up the intravenous fluids ,brought out anaesthetic drugs , prepare for difficult intubation and set up for epidural. I checked the patient in by confirming her name, date of birth, last time she had anything to drink or eat. I was actually left alone to totally work with the anaesthetist without any contribution from my mentor. The anaesthetist also showed me how to set up the PCA pump infusion for post operative pain relief which the patient will take to the recovery. The anaesthetist talked me through the epidural insertion which was later connected to the Epidural pump. The experience was very good for my confidence and I also learnt the importance of preparing and be organised for the anaesthetic process; anything can happen in a split of a second. Epidural On completing this learning contract I now know that the advantage of epidural over spinal anaesthesia is the ability to maintain continuous anaesthesia after placement of an epidural catheter, thus making it suitable for procedures of long duration. This feature also enables the use of this technique into the postoperative period for analgesia, using lower concentrations of local anaesthetic drugs or in combination with different agents. Also I have a better understanding of the anatomy of the Epidural space, loss of resistance Arachnoid space, and Cerebrospinal fluid. I have also learnt about the potential complications of epidural e . g Hypotension, Inadvertent high epidural block, inadvertent high epidural block, Local anaesthetic toxicity, Total spinal, Accidental dural puncture (Visser, 2001). Learning about the potential complications of epidural reinforced my knowledge in being able to choose the right anaesthetic monitoring equipment. Knowing that Spinal and epidural anaesthesia can cause unpredictable and profound arterial hypotension necessitate the use of adequate monitoring like the; Pulse oximetry, ECG and Blood pressure cuff. This knowledge will help me to be able to select appropriate monitoring devices during epidural catheter insertion. Also it goes without saying that an epidural must be performed in a work area that is equipped for airway management and resuscitation. I now know that the hypotension is caused by vasodilatation because the sympathetic nerves that control tone are blocked. Peripheral pooling of blood occurs, resulting in a reduced venous return to the heart and a decrease in cardiac output. This is the reason for having a Hartmann’s fluid at hand and the important of hartmann’s fluid was emphasised by Casey (2000), along with the establishment of an intravenous access, because the effect of the epidural may cause vasodilatation and a drop in blood pressure due to autonomic and sensory fibres being blocked before motor fibres. I am better aware now why it is important that that the patient should be informed of the possible risks and complications associated with epidurals. While the anaesthetist would have done this it is an essential role of the ODP to reassure the patient and encourage the patient to ask any question that might be important to them. It is also possible to talk the patient through the procedure of the epidural, like the position; what the patient will feel or won’t feel; the cold spray to the back etc Roles of ODP in during Epidural When preparing for the epidural administration , I made sure the followings were ready and on hand; A basic universal pack which includes catheter, filter, Tuoy needle and loss of resistance syringe ; 1% or 2 % lignocaine, fentanyl, 10 20 mls normal saline, tegaderm and epidural dressing , sleek, transpore e. t . c I also made available Skin preparation solution of Chlorhexidine gluconate and I litre of Hartmann’s solution. The ODP also makes sure that before an epidural is performed, the anaesthetic room should be checked to make sure that there is proper equipment for airway management, resuscitation and routine vital signs monitoring must be available. The most important role of the ODP in assisting the anaesthetist to carry out an epidural procedure is to make sure everything that will be needed is on hand and ready to go. It is also important to make sure all the drugs and consumables to be used are in date and the ODP should be ready to assist the anaesthetist by opening things that are needed and also drugs on request. Another important role of the ODP which I recognised is in the positioning of the patient for epidural catheter insertion. The position could either be Sitting or Lateral Decubitus positions. When discussing with the anaesthetist, he said the position should be lateral decubitus to allow for ease of insertion. And as mentioned earlier reassuring the patient is another important skill that an ODP needs to develop. Surgery. I scrubbed for the case, set up the instrument, check the patient with the name band and consent form. I prepped and draped the patient with the surgeon’s assistant and positioned my trolley for the start of the case. Completing this learning contract afforded me the opportunity to build up on the knowledge I had gained previously on scrubbing, gloving and gowning In each operating area there is a separate scrub-up zone outside the operating room. The scrubbing process involves series of steps like brushing of nails, cleaning and drying of hand and arms. However, the aims are to remove dirt, skin oil, and transient micro-organisms from the nails, hands, and forearms; to reduce the resident microbial count to as near zero as possible and to leave an antimicrobial residue on the skin to prevent re-growth of microbes for several hours (Nicolette, 2007). During the completion of this learning contract; and through my discussion with senior colleague , reading journal and textbooks ;I learnt more about the importance of aseptic surgical scrubbing is essential and needs to be done religiously, with the practitioner being accountable to make sure that; they use proper scrubbing technique; only sterile items are used within the sterile field; check for the package integrity before use; make sure that items of doubtful sterility are considered unsterile and whenever a sterile barrier is permeated, it must be considered contaminated. The scrubbed practitioner must never forget that sterile gowns are considered sterile in front from shoulder to level of sterile field and at the sleeves from 2 inches above the elbow to the cuff. The cuff should be considered unsterile because it tends to collect moisture and is not an effective bacterial barrier. Other areas of the gown that must be considered unsterile are the neckline, shoulders, areas under the arms, and the back. These areas may become contaminated by perspiration or by collar and shoulder surfaces rubbing together during head and neck movement. Accountability as related to swabs and sharps counting. According to Hughes (2002) the concept of professional accountability remains an ever-present issue in the operating theatre; with nurses and ODPs often acting under the instructions of anaesthetists and surgeons, assuming that they are void of responsibility. Accountability is different from responsibility. Accountability means that the practitioner is able to give an explanation of, and justification for his or her actions. Whereas, responsibility relates to carrying out instruction accurately and within an agreed time frame. HPC (2004)standard of proficiency for ODPs , outlining the autonomy and accountability for ODPs, states that an ODP must be able to practice within the legal and ethical boundaries of their profession†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and be able to exercise a professional duty of care. Hence, an ODP involved in the scrub or circulating role must be accountable for swabs and sharps counting and cannot pass the responsibility to another person. Scrubbing for an abdominal hysterectomy case made me to appreciate better the importance of swab counting, anticipating the surgeon and decision making. Because of the different layers in structural anatomy of the abdominal wall it is important to follow the case closely as it progresses so as not to loose any swabs or sharps. According to Dunscombe (2007) Instrument count is as important as sharps count and should be carried out concurrently by the circulating and the scrub person before the procedure, with each person simultaneously viewing the instrument and audibly counting it. Items added during the procedure must also be counted and recorded. Swabs, sharps and instrument must be counted as each layer or major cavity is being closed and towards the end of the case. The instrument tray for abdominal hysterectomy is similar to most sets for general operations. There are scissors, artery and dissecting forceps, sponge holders, towel clips, needle holders, diathermy forceps etc. According to AfPP (2007) the scrubbed practitioner must recognise and identify the instruments and their purpose within the set. Gilmour(2008) maintained that the scrubbed practitioner is responsible for ensuring that all instruments are fit for purpose and able to perform the task required. If sterility is compromised (instruments found to be contaminated with blood or body tissue) then the set and instrument must be removed from theatre and reported to the sterile service department. The scrubbed practitioner must ensure that all instruments are accounted for throughout a surgical procedure, and if an instrument was to break intraoperatively then all the pieces must be retrieved and discarded with the appropriate note made on the tray list if necessary. At the end of the procedure all instruments must be counted and checked by the scrubbed and circulating practitioner. The scrubbed practitioner must ensure that all sharps and consumables are removed from instrument tray to prevent injury to either sterile services staff or those who transport the instruments between theatre and the sterile department. However, now I know that the most important instrument in the abdominal hysterectomy trays is clamps and retractors. Clamps are instrument specifically designed for holding tissue or other materials, and most have an easily recognisable design. They have finger rings ,for ease of holding; shank, whose length is approximate to the wound depth; ratchets on the shanks near the rings, which allow for the distal tip to be locked on the tissue or object grasped(Dunscombe,2007). During the surgical operation, and when the incision was made through the abdominal wall to the peritoneum and the peritoneum was retracted with self-retaining retractor, I found it easy to follow the procedure and identify the tissue and organs around the uterus; identifying landmarks like he round and broad ligaments, bladder, cervix etc. This is possible because I had read up on the anatomy related to abdominal hysterectomy. According to HPC (2004) standard of proficiency, an ODP must be able to gather appropriate information†¦, be able to draw on appropriate knowledge and skills in order to make professional judgement†¦. and understand the need for carer-long self-directed learning. The feedback after the case was positive with some construct ive advice on how to be a better scrub practitioner. The completion of this learning contract afforded me the opportunity to build on my previous knowledge and for example develop my role from circulating to scrubbing. I have more confidence preparing, assisting and participating in general and gynaecological cases, both from anaesthetic and surgical point of view. It is essential that the ODP in the scrub role has a basic knowledge of the structural anatomy involved in the procedure to scrub for. This will help to anticipate the needs of the surgeon very well and on time Conclusion During the process of fulfilling the learning contract I gained some important knowledge which I am certain will help to make me a better practitioner One of the most important thing I learnt is the importance of articulate preparation and anticipation in becoming a competent and reliable ODP, in both anaesthetic and scrub roles. Also having good basic functional structural anatomy knowledge of the procedure (both anaesthetic and scrub role) taken place helps to function very well as a practitioner. Effective communication is also important, for example in the anaesthetic room I learnt the importance of informing the patient about effect of the procedure they are having. Like explaining the effect of epidural to reassure them. Before this learning exercise I usually think only the anaesthetist can give explanation to the patient about certain things. But from my discussion with the anaesthetist, I was made to understand that as long you are capable of taking responsibility for the information given then that should be okay. According to Taylor and Campbell(1999) effective communication, both verbal and written, is fundamental to the organisational management of the operating department. I also appreciate better the importance of swabs, sharps and instruments counting and when to do the counting as each layer is being closed. As a practitioner, I have a responsibility to make sure that the instruments are adequate and functional before the procedure and to make sure that everything is accounted for at the end of the procedure. Generally, I would say that this learning contract afforded me the opportunity to progress from the circulating role to the scrub role. Also I gained more confident assisting the anaesthetist in the anaesthetic room. On reflection I can say that I have gained more practical knowledge in anaesthetics and I can anticipate better than before, to assist the anaesthetist. I understand now what are needed to provide general and regional anaesthesia for typical gynaecological and general cases. I have learnt that the anaesthetic assistant’s key role were that they needed to continually anticipate and respond to the requirement of the anaesthetist, while at the same time remaining the patient’s advocate and ensuring that safe practice is maintained . This view is supported by Harvey (2005) while emphasising the need for the whole anaesthetic team to work together, anticipating each other’s needs and requirement, this will help to dealt with, safely, any problem encountered during the administration of anaesthesia . Anytime I have the opportunity to assist in the abdominal hysterectomy operation either as a scrub practitioner or ODP assisting the anaesthetist I am certain I would be able to bring all these experience to good use. References Alexander. M, Fawcett. N, Runciman. P,(1994), Nursing Practice Hospital and Home The Adult. Churchill Livingstone: London. Casey, W (2000) Spinal Anaesthesia- A practical guide (page I). Nda[online] Available at : http://www. nda. ox. ac. uk/wfsa (Accessed: 31 Feb, 2008). Chang, A. , Ip, W. , T. H. Cheung, T. (2004), ‘Patient controlled analgesia versus conventional intramuscular injection: a cost effectiveness analysis’ Journal of Advanced Nursing 46(5) pp. 531 – 541. Cooley. C, (2000) Communication skills in palliative care. Professional Nurse. 15(9) 603-605. DeLamar, L. (2007) ‘ Anaesthesia’ in Rothrock J (ed) Alexander’s care of the patient in surgery. 13th edn. Missouri: Mosby. Pp. 120 – 122. Dyke, M (1999) ‘Reflection on perioperative practice: When is it right to say no? ’ British Journal of Theatre Nursing,9(12)pp. 584 – 587. Dunscombe,A. (2007) ‘Sutures, needles and instrument’,in Rothrock J (ed)Alexander’s care of the patient in surgery. 13th edn. Missouri: Mosby. pp. 158 181. Fischer, B. Chaudhari, M. (2006) ‘Techniques of Epidural block’ Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, 7(11)pp. 422 426. Gilmour,D. (2008)‘Instrument integrity and sterility: the operative practitioner’s responsibilities’ . Journal of perioperative practice. 18(7) pp. 292 – 296. Glaze,J(1999)The reflective practitioner, British journal of Theatre Nursing. 9(1)pp. 30 – 34. Griffiths, R (2000), ‘Anaesthesia: circulation and invasive monitoring’ BJPN, 10(3) pp 167- 171. Harvey, P. (2005) ‘The role of the ODP in Obstetric Haemorrhage’ JOODP. 1(11)pp. 16-19. Johns, C. (2000) ‘Becoming a reflective practitioner’ Blackwell Science, Oxford. Newell, R. (1992), Anxiety, Accuracy and Reflection: the limits of professional development, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 17, pages 1326-1333. Nicolette, L (2007) ‘ Infection prevention control in the preoperative setting’ , in Rothrock J(ed) Alexander’s care of the patient in surgery.. 3th edn. Missouri: Mosby . pp. 80-82. Reed, J. Proctor, S. (1993) Nurse Education a Reflective Approach, Edward Arnold, London. Taylor, M. and Campbell, C. (1999) ‘Back to basics Communication Skills in the Operating Department’. British Journal of Theatre Nursing 9( 5) pp. 217 – 221. Visser, L (2001) ‘Epidural Anaesthesia’ Update in Anaesthesia, 13(11) pp 1- 4. Nda[online] Available at : http://www. nda. ox. ac. uk/wfsa (Accessed: 21 March, 2008). Bibliography. McEwen, D. (2007) ‘Gynaecologic and Obstetric Surgery’ in Rothrock J(ed) Alexander’s care of the patient in surgery 3th edn. Missouri: Mosby . pp. 411 465. Kumar, B. (1998) Working in the operating department. 2nd edn. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Pp. 125 144. Gwinnutt, C. L. (1996) Clinical Anaesthesia, 1st edn. Oxford, Blackwell. Mrcogn, R. et al (1995) ‘Bone loss after Hysterectomy with ovarian conservation’ Obs Gyn. 86(1) pp. 72-77. Walsgrove, H. (2001) ‘Hysterectomy’, Nursing Standard, 15 (29) pp. 47 – 53. Wu, S. et al (2005) ‘Decision making tree for women considering hysterectomy’ Journal of Advanced Nursing 51 (4) pp. 361 – 368.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

The Wild Horses Essay Example For Students

The Wild Horses Essay In these poems, the horses are portrayed as natural and a part of nature while the pike are unnatural and dont fit in with the rhythm of nature. Firstly, in The Wild Horses, Gilmore portrays the horses as having a beat or a pace which mimics their heartbeat. This is evident in the rhyme scheme: AB AB CC DEED which is in each stanza. The polyrhythmic structure is like a heartbeat and the noun heartbeat suggests the need to live and the pace reflects the speed which is natural. However, the pike poem has no rhyme, ellipsis or enjambment which adds to the broken lines. We will write a custom essay on The Wild Horses specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This is illustrated in the poem when the author describes the jaws hooked clamp and fangs not to be changed at this date. this reinforces the point that the poem has no beat like the heartbeat in The Wild Horses which emphasizes the broken lines give and gives the poem unnaturalness. On the other hand, the horses are natural objects as they are compared to natural objects. This is indicated in the first stanza when the speaker says let the dark mountain shake to the thunder/ Where the wild horses trample the fern. these two lines sound pray like as the imperative verbs and the use of alliteration give the poem an idyllic opening which is calm and pastoral. Whereas, the pike are compared to man made objects which have nothing natural about them. This is implied when the poet is describing the pike in three we kept behind the glass and life subdued to its instruments, submarine, as a vice locks the same iron in its eye. This is unnatural, as their association with man made objects makes them sound not only unnatural but artificial and a animal as a pike is very natural in a way as it belongs to nature. In these poems, the poets have portrayed the animals differently. Gilmores wild horses are unified and work together as a team while Hugess pike are cannibalistic, eating their own kind. In The Wild Horses, the horses are portrayed as a group, working together almost like a homogenous entity. This is evident in the collective pronouns like they, their, them and The Wild Horses. this highlights the fact that there is constant reference to numerous horses, they are in group entity and she doesnt pick out individuals so she thinks they are all equal. However, the pike are portrayed as cannibals eating their own kind. This is indicated in the text when Hughes describes four and a half: fed fry to them- suddenly there were two finally one. The idea of this is dramatic an that is why the sentences are short, the author is shocked that they would do this to each other. It is like a competition with a finalist at the end. Whereas, The Wild Horses a circular structure, harmony and balance. This is demonstrated in the beginning let the dark mountain shake to the thunder where the wild horses trample the fern / Let the deep values re-echo and wonder / When like an eddy they circle and turn. It is like a flowing structure in the first and third line because of the repetition. It is portrayed as a journey with no end. As the beginning is also like the end, there is a sense of balance which reflects the horses harmony which is linked to the cycle of life and the natural cycle. On the other hand, the cannibalistic description in pike is violent and shocking as one is forced into its own death. This is illustrated in the description of the pike getting swallowed one jammed down its gills down the others gullet. This depicts the idea that one pike is eating another and ironically dies in the process. .u7791f684e07f749840f242fad54864f8 , .u7791f684e07f749840f242fad54864f8 .postImageUrl , .u7791f684e07f749840f242fad54864f8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7791f684e07f749840f242fad54864f8 , .u7791f684e07f749840f242fad54864f8:hover , .u7791f684e07f749840f242fad54864f8:visited , .u7791f684e07f749840f242fad54864f8:active { border:0!important; } .u7791f684e07f749840f242fad54864f8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7791f684e07f749840f242fad54864f8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7791f684e07f749840f242fad54864f8:active , .u7791f684e07f749840f242fad54864f8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7791f684e07f749840f242fad54864f8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7791f684e07f749840f242fad54864f8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7791f684e07f749840f242fad54864f8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7791f684e07f749840f242fad54864f8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7791f684e07f749840f242fad54864f8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7791f684e07f749840f242fad54864f8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7791f684e07f749840f242fad54864f8 .u7791f684e07f749840f242fad54864f8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7791f684e07f749840f242fad54864f8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Shakespeare makes very interesting in act 1 scene 5 EssayThe verb jammed displays the idea of the pike being forced down a gullet and is extremely violent. The horses are harmonious and the pike are rough and do not spare each other which is violent. They are almost alpha males because they are in charge. The horses, are portrayed as dramatic and unstoppable while the pike are silent, trapped and sinister. As the horses career across the landscape, they are unstoppable because they are constantly moving and active and the pike are confined and are not moving. Firstly, the horses are portrayed like racers, unstoppable and untouchable. This is evident in never has man laid hand on a head which means that they are untouched. The speaker emphasizes therefore they are fast and free. In contrast, the pike appear trapped. The environment they are in is an inescapable imprisonment. This is shown in three we kept behind glass and this is an trapped environment, it is therefore not their natural habitat. However, the horses have a sense of speed and they career across the land. This is indicated in O the wild sally where the monosyllabic vowel creates a sound of shock. On the other hand, the pike seem sinister and frozen, threatening the quality of the world. This is perceptible in gloom of their stillness where the noun gloom implies something dark ad evil and the adjective still implies they are waiting to pounce. The horses are therefore breath taking and untouched while the pike are confined and mute. In these poems, there are comparisons, but also there is one similar point about them as both the horses and the pike are presented as beautiful and the narrators see them as majestic. Firstly, the narrator sees the wild horses as a dream like experience. This is shown in a dream that is stealing sense from intention and light from the eye where the narrators senses are taken away because she is overwhelmed because the horses are magical and to see them is beyond reality. Similarly, the narrator sees the pike as a dream like experience too. This is evident in frail on my ear against the dream the noun dream implies something magical, unique and beyond reality. This shows that the dream isnt real even though the speaker thinks its wonderful, and is having a great experience. Whereas, in the wild horses, the onomatopoeia and alliteration creates a symphonic oral effect. This is depicted in snorting, they stare at us where the onomatopoeia creates a sense of musicality therefore harmony, Gilmore creates horses both visually and orally. However, the poet puts in colours associated with royalty in the Pike. This is represented in pike in al parts, green tigering the gold and green represents an ambiguous and unclear colour and gold displays royalty and wealth. Moreover, the horses are elegant because they are elongated. This is interpreted by outstretched like a racer and because the horses are free, and all running together it makes them look as if they are very stretched out which is beautiful. Furthermore, the poet uses imagery to portray a beautiful place. This is characterized in owls hushing the floating woods and the noun hushing represents the calming down of nature and it is beautiful because the woods are not really floating, because of the shadows and movement of the owl. By both animals being portrayed as beautiful, they are in a way harmonious too because of their link to the natural world. I conclude that I like The Wild Horses poem more because I like poems that have a meaning and the imagery in The Wild Horses is so touching that I preferred this poem. I did not like the Pike poem as family is quite important to me and it shows betrayal of the family and the gain of someone that came from the loss of someone else.